Static VS Non-Static in C#

When learning C# programming, one of the common questions developers face is the difference between a static class and a non-static class. Both play important roles in building efficient .NET applications, but they are used in different scenarios.

In this short guide, let’s explore the key differences with simple examples.

What is a Static Class in C#?

A static class in C# is a class that cannot be instantiated. It is used to hold static members (methods, properties, or fields) that belong to the class itself rather than to any specific object.

Example:

public static class MathHelper
{
    public static int Add(int a, int b)
    {
        return a + b;
    }
}

// Usage
int result = MathHelper.Add(5, 10);
Console.WriteLine(result); // Output: 15

👉 Key Point: Static classes are ideal for utility functions like math operations, string helpers, or configuration managers.

What is a Non-Static Class in C#?

A non-static class in C# (also called an instance class) can be instantiated using the new keyword. It can contain both instance members and static members.

Example:

public class Person
{
    public string Name { get; set; }

    public void Greet()
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"Hello, {Name}");
    }
}

// Usage
Person p = new Person { Name = "John" };
p.Greet(); // Output: Hello, John

👉 Key Point: Non-static classes are used when you need to create multiple objects with different states.

Static vs Non-Static Class in C#: Quick Comparison

When to Use Static vs Non-Static Classes?

• ✅ Use Static Classes when you need shared functionality that doesn’t depend on object state (e.g., math, logging, or configuration utilities).
• ✅ Use Non-Static Classes when you need to model real-world entities where each object has its own data and behavior.

Final Thoughts

The difference between static and non-static classes in C# comes down to whether you need to create objects or just provide shared functionality. Choosing the right type ensures cleaner, more maintainable, and high-performing .NET applications.

By mastering this concept, you’ll strengthen your foundation in C# object-oriented programming and handle C# interview questions with ease.

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